Built-in scenario

sample_aws_alb_ec2_rds_plan.json

ALB / EC2 / RDS Demo

Analyzed sample_aws_alb_ec2_rds_plan.json with 19 normalized resources and 4 trust boundaries.

Analyze another plan

Active findings

1

Trust boundaries

4

Resources

19

Observations

1

High 0

Medium 1

Low 0

Findings

Severity bands

High

0

No high findings.

Medium

1

Sensitive data tier is transitively reachable from an internet-exposed path

aws-private-data-transitive-exposure

aws_db_instance.app is not directly public, but internet traffic can first reach aws_lb.web, move through aws_lb.web can reach aws_instance.app, and then cross into the private data tier through aws_instance.app. That creates a quieter transitive exposure path than a directly public data store.

Category: Information Disclosure
Boundary: workload-to-data-store:aws_instance.app->aws_db_instance.app
Resources: aws_lb.web, aws_instance.app, aws_db_instance.app, aws_security_group.app

Evidence

network path: internet reaches aws_lb.web; aws_lb.web reaches aws_instance.app; aws_instance.app reaches aws_db_instance.app
security group rules: aws_security_group.app ingress tcp 8080 from sg-web-lb-001 (Application traffic from the ALB)
subnet posture: aws_lb.web sits in public subnet aws_subnet.public_edge with an internet route; aws_instance.app sits in private subnet aws_subnet.private_app with NAT-backed egress
data tier posture: aws_db_instance.app is not directly public; database has no direct internet ingress path
boundary rationale: Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when database ingress security groups explicitly trust the workload security group.

Low

0

No low findings.

Observations

Controls and mitigating signals

RDS instance is private and storage encrypted

aws_db_instance.app is kept off direct internet paths and has storage encryption enabled, which reduces straightforward data exposure risk.

aws_db_instance.app

Trust boundaries

Crossings that drive the model

internet-to-service

internet -> aws_lb.web

The resource is directly reachable or intentionally exposed to unauthenticated network clients.

public-subnet-to-private-subnet

aws_subnet.public_edge -> aws_subnet.private_app

The VPC contains both publicly routable and private network segments that should be treated as separate trust zones.

public-subnet-to-private-subnet

aws_subnet.public_edge -> aws_subnet.private_data

The VPC contains both publicly routable and private network segments that should be treated as separate trust zones.

workload-to-data-store

aws_instance.app -> aws_db_instance.app

Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when database ingress security groups explicitly trust the workload security group.

Raw outputs

Stable contract and markdown

JSON report

{
  "kind": "cloud-threat-model-report",
  "version": "1.0",
  "tool": {
    "name": "cloud-threat-modeler",
    "version": "0.2.0"
  },
  "title": "ALB / EC2 / RDS Demo",
  "analyzed_file": "sample_aws_alb_ec2_rds_plan.json",
  "analyzed_path": "/home/fleet/cloud-threat-modeler/fixtures/sample_aws_alb_ec2_rds_plan.json",
  "summary": {
    "normalized_resources": 19,
    "unsupported_resources": 0,
    "trust_boundaries": 4,
    "active_findings": 1,
    "total_findings": 1,
    "suppressed_findings": 0,
    "baselined_findings": 0,
    "severity_counts": {
      "high": 0,
      "medium": 1,
      "low": 0
    }
  },
  "filtering": {
    "total_findings": 1,
    "active_findings": 1,
    "suppressed_findings": 0,
    "baselined_findings": 0,
    "suppressions_path": null,
    "baseline_path": null
  },
  "inventory": {
    "provider": "aws",
    "unsupported_resources": [],
    "metadata": {
      "primary_account_id": "333344445555",
      "supported_resource_types": [
        "aws_db_instance",
        "aws_ecs_cluster",
        "aws_ecs_service",
        "aws_ecs_task_definition",
        "aws_iam_instance_profile",
        "aws_iam_policy",
        "aws_iam_role",
        "aws_iam_role_policy",
        "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment",
        "aws_instance",
        "aws_internet_gateway",
        "aws_kms_key",
        "aws_lambda_function",
        "aws_lambda_permission",
        "aws_lb",
        "aws_nat_gateway",
        "aws_route_table",
        "aws_route_table_association",
        "aws_s3_bucket",
        "aws_s3_bucket_policy",
        "aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block",
        "aws_secretsmanager_secret",
        "aws_secretsmanager_secret_policy",
        "aws_security_group",
        "aws_security_group_rule",
        "aws_sns_topic",
        "aws_sqs_queue",
        "aws_subnet",
        "aws_vpc"
      ]
    },
    "resources": [
      {
        "address": "aws_db_instance.app",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_db_instance",
        "name": "app",
        "category": "data",
        "identifier": "db-web-001",
        "arn": "arn:aws:rds:us-east-1:333344445555:db:web-prod-db",
        "vpc_id": "vpc-web-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [
          "sg-web-db-001"
        ],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "sensitive",
        "metadata": {
          "engine": "postgres",
          "publicly_accessible": false,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "storage_encrypted": true,
          "db_subnet_group_name": "web-private-data",
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_instance.app",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_instance",
        "name": "app",
        "category": "compute",
        "identifier": "i-web-app-001",
        "arn": "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:333344445555:instance/i-web-app-001",
        "vpc_id": "vpc-web-001",
        "subnet_ids": [
          "subnet-web-private-app-001"
        ],
        "security_group_ids": [
          "sg-web-app-001"
        ],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "ami": "ami-web-123456",
          "instance_type": "t3.medium",
          "associate_public_ip_address": false,
          "iam_instance_profile": null,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "tags": {
            "Tier": "app"
          },
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": true,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_internet_gateway.main",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_internet_gateway",
        "name": "main",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "igw-web-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-web-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_lb.web",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_lb",
        "name": "web",
        "category": "edge",
        "identifier": "alb-web-001",
        "arn": "arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:us-east-1:333344445555:loadbalancer/app/web-prod/123456",
        "vpc_id": "vpc-web-001",
        "subnet_ids": [
          "subnet-web-public-001"
        ],
        "security_group_ids": [
          "sg-web-lb-001"
        ],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": true,
        "public_exposure": true,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "internal": false,
          "load_balancer_type": "application",
          "public_access_reasons": [
            "load balancer is configured as internet-facing"
          ],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [
            "load balancer is internet-facing and attached security groups allow internet ingress"
          ],
          "public_access_configured": true,
          "internet_ingress": true,
          "internet_ingress_capable": true,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [
            "aws_security_group.lb ingress tcp 443 from 0.0.0.0/0 (HTTPS from internet)"
          ],
          "in_public_subnet": true,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": true
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_nat_gateway.main",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_nat_gateway",
        "name": "main",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "nat-web-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-web-001",
        "subnet_ids": [
          "subnet-web-public-001"
        ],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "allocation_id": "eipalloc-web-001",
          "connectivity_type": "public",
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": true,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_route_table.private",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_route_table",
        "name": "private",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "rtb-web-private-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-web-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "routes": [
            {
              "cidr_block": "0.0.0.0/0",
              "nat_gateway_id": "nat-web-001"
            }
          ],
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_route_table.public",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_route_table",
        "name": "public",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "rtb-web-public-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-web-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "routes": [
            {
              "cidr_block": "0.0.0.0/0",
              "gateway_id": "igw-web-001"
            }
          ],
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_route_table_association.private_app",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_route_table_association",
        "name": "private_app",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "rtassoc-web-private-app-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "route_table_id": "rtb-web-private-001",
          "subnet_id": "subnet-web-private-app-001",
          "gateway_id": null,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_route_table_association.private_data",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_route_table_association",
        "name": "private_data",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "rtassoc-web-private-data-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "route_table_id": "rtb-web-private-001",
          "subnet_id": "subnet-web-private-data-001",
          "gateway_id": null,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_route_table_association.public_edge",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_route_table_association",
        "name": "public_edge",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "rtassoc-web-public-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "route_table_id": "rtb-web-public-001",
          "subnet_id": "subnet-web-public-001",
          "gateway_id": null,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_security_group.app",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_security_group",
        "name": "app",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "sg-web-app-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-web-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [
          {
            "direction": "egress",
            "protocol": "-1",
            "from_port": 0,
            "to_port": 0,
            "cidr_blocks": [
              "0.0.0.0/0"
            ],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [],
            "description": null
          },
          {
            "direction": "ingress",
            "protocol": "tcp",
            "from_port": 8080,
            "to_port": 8080,
            "cidr_blocks": [],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [
              "sg-web-lb-001"
            ],
            "description": "Application traffic from the ALB"
          }
        ],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "description": "Private app tier reachable only from the ALB",
          "group_name": "web-app-sg",
          "standalone_rule_addresses": [
            "aws_security_group_rule.app_from_lb"
          ],
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_security_group.db",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_security_group",
        "name": "db",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "sg-web-db-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-web-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [
          {
            "direction": "egress",
            "protocol": "-1",
            "from_port": 0,
            "to_port": 0,
            "cidr_blocks": [
              "0.0.0.0/0"
            ],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [],
            "description": null
          },
          {
            "direction": "ingress",
            "protocol": "tcp",
            "from_port": 5432,
            "to_port": 5432,
            "cidr_blocks": [],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [
              "sg-web-app-001"
            ],
            "description": "Postgres from the app tier"
          }
        ],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "description": "Database tier reachable only from the app tier",
          "group_name": "web-db-sg",
          "standalone_rule_addresses": [
            "aws_security_group_rule.db_from_app"
          ],
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_security_group.lb",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_security_group",
        "name": "lb",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "sg-web-lb-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-web-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [
          {
            "direction": "ingress",
            "protocol": "tcp",
            "from_port": 443,
            "to_port": 443,
            "cidr_blocks": [
              "0.0.0.0/0"
            ],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [],
            "description": "HTTPS from internet"
          },
          {
            "direction": "egress",
            "protocol": "-1",
            "from_port": 0,
            "to_port": 0,
            "cidr_blocks": [
              "0.0.0.0/0"
            ],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [],
            "description": null
          }
        ],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "description": "Public ALB ingress only",
          "group_name": "web-lb-sg",
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_security_group_rule.app_from_lb",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_security_group_rule",
        "name": "app_from_lb",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "sgrule-web-app-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [
          {
            "direction": "ingress",
            "protocol": "tcp",
            "from_port": 8080,
            "to_port": 8080,
            "cidr_blocks": [],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [
              "sg-web-lb-001"
            ],
            "description": "Application traffic from the ALB"
          }
        ],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "security_group_id": "sg-web-app-001",
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_security_group_rule.db_from_app",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_security_group_rule",
        "name": "db_from_app",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "sgrule-web-db-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [
          {
            "direction": "ingress",
            "protocol": "tcp",
            "from_port": 5432,
            "to_port": 5432,
            "cidr_blocks": [],
            "ipv6_cidr_blocks": [],
            "referenced_security_group_ids": [
              "sg-web-app-001"
            ],
            "description": "Postgres from the app tier"
          }
        ],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "security_group_id": "sg-web-db-001",
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_subnet.private_app",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_subnet",
        "name": "private_app",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "subnet-web-private-app-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-web-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "cidr_block": "10.20.2.0/24",
          "availability_zone": "us-east-1a",
          "map_public_ip_on_launch": false,
          "tags": {
            "Tier": "app"
          },
          "is_public_subnet": false,
          "route_table_ids": [
            "rtb-web-private-001"
          ],
          "has_public_route": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": true,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_subnet.private_data",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_subnet",
        "name": "private_data",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "subnet-web-private-data-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-web-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "cidr_block": "10.20.3.0/24",
          "availability_zone": "us-east-1a",
          "map_public_ip_on_launch": false,
          "tags": {
            "Tier": "data"
          },
          "is_public_subnet": false,
          "route_table_ids": [
            "rtb-web-private-001"
          ],
          "has_public_route": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": true,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_subnet.public_edge",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_subnet",
        "name": "public_edge",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "subnet-web-public-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": "vpc-web-001",
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "cidr_block": "10.20.1.0/24",
          "availability_zone": "us-east-1a",
          "map_public_ip_on_launch": true,
          "tags": {
            "Tier": "edge"
          },
          "is_public_subnet": true,
          "route_table_ids": [
            "rtb-web-public-001"
          ],
          "has_public_route": true,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      },
      {
        "address": "aws_vpc.main",
        "provider": "aws",
        "resource_type": "aws_vpc",
        "name": "main",
        "category": "network",
        "identifier": "vpc-web-001",
        "arn": null,
        "vpc_id": null,
        "subnet_ids": [],
        "security_group_ids": [],
        "attached_role_arns": [],
        "network_rules": [],
        "policy_statements": [],
        "public_access_configured": false,
        "public_exposure": false,
        "data_sensitivity": "standard",
        "metadata": {
          "cidr_block": "10.20.0.0/16",
          "tags": {
            "Name": "web-main"
          },
          "public_access_reasons": [],
          "public_exposure_reasons": [],
          "public_access_configured": false,
          "internet_ingress": false,
          "internet_ingress_capable": false,
          "internet_ingress_reasons": [],
          "in_public_subnet": false,
          "has_nat_gateway_egress": false,
          "direct_internet_reachable": false
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "trust_boundaries": [
    {
      "identifier": "internet-to-service:internet->aws_lb.web",
      "boundary_type": "internet-to-service",
      "source": "internet",
      "target": "aws_lb.web",
      "description": "Traffic can cross from the public internet to aws_lb.web.",
      "rationale": "The resource is directly reachable or intentionally exposed to unauthenticated network clients."
    },
    {
      "identifier": "public-subnet-to-private-subnet:aws_subnet.public_edge->aws_subnet.private_app",
      "boundary_type": "public-subnet-to-private-subnet",
      "source": "aws_subnet.public_edge",
      "target": "aws_subnet.private_app",
      "description": "Traffic can move from aws_subnet.public_edge toward aws_subnet.private_app.",
      "rationale": "The VPC contains both publicly routable and private network segments that should be treated as separate trust zones."
    },
    {
      "identifier": "public-subnet-to-private-subnet:aws_subnet.public_edge->aws_subnet.private_data",
      "boundary_type": "public-subnet-to-private-subnet",
      "source": "aws_subnet.public_edge",
      "target": "aws_subnet.private_data",
      "description": "Traffic can move from aws_subnet.public_edge toward aws_subnet.private_data.",
      "rationale": "The VPC contains both publicly routable and private network segments that should be treated as separate trust zones."
    },
    {
      "identifier": "workload-to-data-store:aws_instance.app->aws_db_instance.app",
      "boundary_type": "workload-to-data-store",
      "source": "aws_instance.app",
      "target": "aws_db_instance.app",
      "description": "aws_instance.app can interact with aws_db_instance.app.",
      "rationale": "Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when database ingress security groups explicitly trust the workload security group."
    }
  ],
  "findings": [
    {
      "fingerprint": "sha256:878d7f51554b80571305b48b2d814a70df80e28ee3b2bf44a8feb9bd1d5c3e47",
      "title": "Sensitive data tier is transitively reachable from an internet-exposed path",
      "rule_id": "aws-private-data-transitive-exposure",
      "category": "Information Disclosure",
      "severity": "medium",
      "affected_resources": [
        "aws_lb.web",
        "aws_instance.app",
        "aws_db_instance.app",
        "aws_security_group.app"
      ],
      "trust_boundary_id": "workload-to-data-store:aws_instance.app->aws_db_instance.app",
      "rationale": "aws_db_instance.app is not directly public, but internet traffic can first reach aws_lb.web, move through aws_lb.web can reach aws_instance.app, and then cross into the private data tier through aws_instance.app. That creates a quieter transitive exposure path than a directly public data store.",
      "recommended_mitigation": "Keep internet-adjacent entry points from chaining into workloads that retain database or secret access, narrow edge-to-workload and workload-to-workload trust, and isolate sensitive data access behind more deliberate service boundaries.",
      "evidence": [
        {
          "key": "network_path",
          "values": [
            "internet reaches aws_lb.web",
            "aws_lb.web reaches aws_instance.app",
            "aws_instance.app reaches aws_db_instance.app"
          ]
        },
        {
          "key": "security_group_rules",
          "values": [
            "aws_security_group.app ingress tcp 8080 from sg-web-lb-001 (Application traffic from the ALB)"
          ]
        },
        {
          "key": "subnet_posture",
          "values": [
            "aws_lb.web sits in public subnet aws_subnet.public_edge with an internet route",
            "aws_instance.app sits in private subnet aws_subnet.private_app with NAT-backed egress"
          ]
        },
        {
          "key": "data_tier_posture",
          "values": [
            "aws_db_instance.app is not directly public",
            "database has no direct internet ingress path"
          ]
        },
        {
          "key": "boundary_rationale",
          "values": [
            "Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when database ingress security groups explicitly trust the workload security group."
          ]
        }
      ],
      "severity_reasoning": {
        "internet_exposure": 0,
        "privilege_breadth": 0,
        "data_sensitivity": 2,
        "lateral_movement": 2,
        "blast_radius": 1,
        "final_score": 5,
        "severity": "medium",
        "computed_severity": null
      }
    }
  ],
  "suppressed_findings": [],
  "baselined_findings": [],
  "observations": [
    {
      "title": "RDS instance is private and storage encrypted",
      "observation_id": "aws-rds-private-encrypted",
      "affected_resources": [
        "aws_db_instance.app"
      ],
      "rationale": "aws_db_instance.app is kept off direct internet paths and has storage encryption enabled, which reduces straightforward data exposure risk.",
      "category": "data-protection",
      "evidence": [
        {
          "key": "database_posture",
          "values": [
            "publicly_accessible is false",
            "storage_encrypted is true",
            "no attached security group allows internet ingress",
            "engine is postgres"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "limitations": [
    "AWS support is intentionally limited to a curated v1 resource set rather than the full Terraform AWS provider.",
    "Subnet public/private classification prefers explicit route table associations and NAT or internet routes when present, but it does not model main-route-table inheritance or every routing edge case.",
    "IAM analysis resolves inline role policies, customer-managed role-policy attachments, and EC2 instance profiles present in the plan, but it does not expand AWS-managed policy documents that are not materialized in Terraform state.",
    "Resource-policy analysis focuses on explicit policy documents and Lambda permission resources present in the plan; it does not model every service-specific condition key or every downstream runtime authorization path.",
    "The engine reasons over Terraform planned values only and does not validate runtime drift, CloudTrail evidence, or post-deploy control-plane activity."
  ]
}

Markdown report

# ALB / EC2 / RDS Demo

- Analyzed file: `sample_aws_alb_ec2_rds_plan.json`
- Provider: `aws`
- Normalized resources: `19`
- Unsupported resources: `0`

## Summary

This run identified **4 trust boundaries** and **1 findings** across **19 normalized resources**.

- High severity findings: `0`
- Medium severity findings: `1`
- Low severity findings: `0`

## Discovered Trust Boundaries

### `internet-to-service`

- Source: `internet`
- Target: `aws_lb.web`
- Description: Traffic can cross from the public internet to aws_lb.web.
- Rationale: The resource is directly reachable or intentionally exposed to unauthenticated network clients.

### `public-subnet-to-private-subnet`

- Source: `aws_subnet.public_edge`
- Target: `aws_subnet.private_app`
- Description: Traffic can move from aws_subnet.public_edge toward aws_subnet.private_app.
- Rationale: The VPC contains both publicly routable and private network segments that should be treated as separate trust zones.

### `public-subnet-to-private-subnet`

- Source: `aws_subnet.public_edge`
- Target: `aws_subnet.private_data`
- Description: Traffic can move from aws_subnet.public_edge toward aws_subnet.private_data.
- Rationale: The VPC contains both publicly routable and private network segments that should be treated as separate trust zones.

### `workload-to-data-store`

- Source: `aws_instance.app`
- Target: `aws_db_instance.app`
- Description: aws_instance.app can interact with aws_db_instance.app.
- Rationale: Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when database ingress security groups explicitly trust the workload security group.

## Findings

### High

No findings in this severity band.

### Medium

#### Sensitive data tier is transitively reachable from an internet-exposed path

- STRIDE category: Information Disclosure
- Affected resources: `aws_lb.web`, `aws_instance.app`, `aws_db_instance.app`, `aws_security_group.app`
- Trust boundary: `workload-to-data-store:aws_instance.app->aws_db_instance.app`
- Severity reasoning: internet_exposure +0, privilege_breadth +0, data_sensitivity +2, lateral_movement +2, blast_radius +1, final_score 5 => medium
- Rationale: aws_db_instance.app is not directly public, but internet traffic can first reach aws_lb.web, move through aws_lb.web can reach aws_instance.app, and then cross into the private data tier through aws_instance.app. That creates a quieter transitive exposure path than a directly public data store.
- Recommended mitigation: Keep internet-adjacent entry points from chaining into workloads that retain database or secret access, narrow edge-to-workload and workload-to-workload trust, and isolate sensitive data access behind more deliberate service boundaries.
- Evidence:
  - network path: internet reaches aws_lb.web; aws_lb.web reaches aws_instance.app; aws_instance.app reaches aws_db_instance.app
  - security group rules: aws_security_group.app ingress tcp 8080 from sg-web-lb-001 (Application traffic from the ALB)
  - subnet posture: aws_lb.web sits in public subnet aws_subnet.public_edge with an internet route; aws_instance.app sits in private subnet aws_subnet.private_app with NAT-backed egress
  - data tier posture: aws_db_instance.app is not directly public; database has no direct internet ingress path
  - boundary rationale: Application or function workloads cross into a higher-sensitivity data plane when database ingress security groups explicitly trust the workload security group.

### Low

No findings in this severity band.

## Controls Observed

### RDS instance is private and storage encrypted

- Category: `data-protection`
- Affected resources: `aws_db_instance.app`
- Rationale: aws_db_instance.app is kept off direct internet paths and has storage encryption enabled, which reduces straightforward data exposure risk.
- Evidence:
  - database posture: publicly_accessible is false; storage_encrypted is true; no attached security group allows internet ingress; engine is postgres

## Limitations / Unsupported Resources

- AWS support is intentionally limited to a curated v1 resource set rather than the full Terraform AWS provider.
- Subnet public/private classification prefers explicit route table associations and NAT or internet routes when present, but it does not model main-route-table inheritance or every routing edge case.
- IAM analysis resolves inline role policies, customer-managed role-policy attachments, and EC2 instance profiles present in the plan, but it does not expand AWS-managed policy documents that are not materialized in Terraform state.
- Resource-policy analysis focuses on explicit policy documents and Lambda permission resources present in the plan; it does not model every service-specific condition key or every downstream runtime authorization path.
- The engine reasons over Terraform planned values only and does not validate runtime drift, CloudTrail evidence, or post-deploy control-plane activity.

Limits

Unsupported or intentionally scoped areas

AWS support is intentionally limited to a curated v1 resource set rather than the full Terraform AWS provider.
Subnet public/private classification prefers explicit route table associations and NAT or internet routes when present, but it does not model main-route-table inheritance or every routing edge case.
IAM analysis resolves inline role policies, customer-managed role-policy attachments, and EC2 instance profiles present in the plan, but it does not expand AWS-managed policy documents that are not materialized in Terraform state.
Resource-policy analysis focuses on explicit policy documents and Lambda permission resources present in the plan; it does not model every service-specific condition key or every downstream runtime authorization path.
The engine reasons over Terraform planned values only and does not validate runtime drift, CloudTrail evidence, or post-deploy control-plane activity.